Their main occupation is weaving, and they use both hand-held and power looms. Important Ansari neighbourhoods in the city include Madanpura, Adampura and Jaitpura. The community speak Urdu, but the Momin are bilingual, speaking Marathi as well. There is no system of clans, and cross and parallel cousin marriages are common. The more elaborate construction of the ‘vote katwa’ (vote cutting) or ‘BJP ki B team’ (BJP’s B team) allegation targets Owaisi’s rhetoric of Muslim politics and questions his commitment to secularism and democracy. B. K. Lavania, D. K. Samanta, S. K. Mandal & N. N. Vyas (eds.). Invoking the heritage of Abdul Qayyum Ansari, the Ansari Mahapanchayat (AMP) was founded by a young Jamia Millia Islamia graduate from Gaya, Waseem Nayyar Ansari. In other words, the fact that the AIMIM contested these seats did not siphon off enough votes from the MGB to be responsible for its defeat. The Ansari have no traditional clan association, but are members of the All India Momin Conference. In the final outcome of the Bihar assembly elections, what drew attention to some of the successful Muslim candidates was the fact that the All India Muslim Ittehad-ul Muslimeen (AIMIM) won five seats in the north-eastern Seemanchal region, where Muslims form about half of the population (from 77.5% in Jokihat to 38% in Araria). District wise population of Bihar. Asaduddin Owaisi with the newly elected AIMIM MLAs from Bihar | AIMIM (Facebook). Bihar Population by Sex. This is true even in constituencies where the Muslim population is above the state average, such as in Madhubani and Dharbhanga districts (where Muslims number more than 30% of the population in several constituencies). Many of them are engaged in zari work, which involves sari embroidery. With an annual growth rate of 2.5% in its population, Bihar is the third largest state of India after Uttar Pradesh (1st) and Maharashtra (2nd). They are descended from immigrants from North India. Out of three Ansari candidates picked by the large parties (Anjum Ara of the JDU in Dumraon, Qayamuddin Ansarin of the CPI (ML) in Arrah, and Javed Iqbal Ansari of the RJD in Banka), none managed to emerge victorious. Syed Shahabuddin, the editor of Muslim India and a prominent voice on ‘Muslim issues’ — from the Shah Bano case to the destruction of the Babri Masjid — had for instance won the Lok Sabha seat of Kishanganj in 1991. Population in Bihar is more than eighty two millions. However, the question of polarization deserves more discussion. The former are found in Ahmadnagar, while the latter are found near Pune. As the political campaign picked up momentum ahead of the 2020 Bihar elections, Pasmanda activists published online lists of the Muslim candidates that indicated their biradari. Yet in the 2000s, both Ali Anwar and Ejaz Ali accepted Rajya Sabha nominations by the JDU, which sought to pull Pasmanda support away from upper caste Muslim candidates fielded by the RJD and the Congress. The Momin are Sunni, and are a fairly orthodox community. Total population of rural areas of Bihar state was 92,341,436. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, many members of the Momin Ansari community migrated to Pakistan and settled mainly in the Sindh province. In addition to membership in the Momin Conference, the Gujarat Ansaris also have their own clan association, Garana TitaFari Jamaat. However, as much as it wants to claim representation for all Muslims, in Bihar the AIMIM is responsible for the victory of only five out of a total of 19 Muslims who were elected to the assembly (down from 24 in 2015). The Momin Ansari is mainly settled in Karachi and Hyderabad cities of the Sindh province. Km. While they may offer a way of creating a political base for a leader, they are undermined by individual opportunity seekers. Yet, interestingly, only two of the RJD’s eight Muslim MLAs elected in 2020 are incumbents, which means that the party also lost many constituencies with an incumbent Muslim MLA: eight such seats went to the NDA. They play active roles in all walks of life in Bihar. The Momin of Maharashtra are also known as Ansari or saudagar They are descended from immigrants from North India. Khera spoke of a “mutually reinforced radicalization” that makes Owaisi a “partner with right-wing radicalization”. Before this cabinet decision was taken, Bihar had 12 nagar nigams with population of over two lakh, 42 nagar parishads with population of 40,000 to two lakh, and 88 nagar panchayats. Zainul Ansari, a robust man in his eighties, ... For the large Muslim population in Bihar today, an environment of fear, hate and stigma has been manufactured by the current coalition government. On the night of the election results, Congress spokesperson Pawan Khera held that Owaisi’s politics spark radicalization among Muslim youth by seeking to counter the BJP’s radical discourse. Our typology of political dynamics among Muslims is incomplete without mention of caste-based or identity politics. The only Congress Muslim candidate from a marginalized Muslim community was Abidur Rahman in Araria, a seat with a strong Kulhaiya presence, and he was re-elected. Julien Levesque is a political sociologist who is currently Head Researcher at the Centre de Sciences Humaines, New Delhi, and is associated with the Centre for South Asian Studies, EHESS, Paris. The RJD’s Muslim-Yadav equation is still efficient. They speak the Sadri dialect, which is distinctive to the community, although most have knowledge of Urdu. They are mainly distributed in the cities of Ahmedabad, Surat, Bharuch, Baroda, and Rajpipla.[4]:69–73. In Baisi, Syed Ruknuddin Ahmad had previously won as an independent in 2005 and had later joined the JDU. This article offers a typology of the forms of political dynamics among Muslims in Bihar — the basic idea being that Muslim political dynamics are different in minority and majority areas. There are total of 54278157 male persons and 49821295 females and a total number of children below 6 years in Bihar. BJP slams Congress for fielding AMU ex-student president in Bihar, calls him ‘Jinnah supporter’ Former AMU students union president Maskoor Usmani, fielded from Jale, is one of Congress' 12 Muslim candidates in Bihar. The Congress seemed to pursue its long-term association with Muslim elites, by picking candidates who tend to be Ashraf, well-educated, with links with educational centres such as Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) or Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi. The lack of political representation of the marginalized among the Muslims persists in spite of the creation in 2019 of a new organization that aimed to solve this issue. He was a leader who worked against the demand of Muslim league for creation of a separate Muslim nation from India as an independent state. However, the Congress’ three incumbent Muslim MLAs showed striking stability and were re-elected. Yet the comfortable margins the AIMIM achieved in the five constituencies it won — Amour, Kochadhaman, Jokihat, Baisi and Bahadurgunj — could hardly have been possible without candidates with political experience. In the Muslim majority areas, on the other hand, a space opens up for ‘Muslim politics’, that is, a political discourse that stresses the need for Muslims to be politically represented on their own terms and to voice community-specific concerns. Bihar with a total population 128 million people is the most densely populated state among all states forming Eastern India. The AIMIM’s winning candidates hail from the numerically dominant community of their respective constituencies: Surjapuri Shaikh for Akhtarul Iman, Anzar Naeemi, and Izhar Asfi in Kishanganj and Purnia districts, and Kulhaiya for Shahnawaz Alam in Araria district. Abdal 12011/68/93-BCC(C) dt 10.09.93 2. In fact, he even nominated a woman of Ansari community as the candidate. The Ansari of Rajasthan claim that they were once warriors, who, after a defeat, took to the occupation of weaving. Thus, the local standing of candidates was crucial for the AIMIM’s victories in Bihar — combined with the popularity of Asaduddin Owaisi and Akhtarul Iman, and, in some places, a subtle balance between local dominant communities. Write to [email protected]. In fact, the AMP leadership split at that point, with a section accepting the JDU’s promise of Legislative Council seats while Ali Anwar and his Pasmanda Muslim Mahaz expressed support for MGB. Most Surat and Ahmadabad Ansari are now employed in the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited clerk post, and local textile mills. More recently, it is also in Bihar that such mobilization significantly re-emerged in a new form. The Garana Ansari community in Gujarat are found mainly in the districts of Junagarh, Ahmedabad, Surat and Kutch. The updated information about total districts of BIHAR, population, literacy rate, current MP and other details are given below. R.B. While three sitting RJD Muslim MLAs were defeated in their own constituencies, the party incurred the loss of an important figure, Abdul Bari Siddiqui, and could not successfully fill the void left by the death of its four-time MLA Abdul Ghafoor. In Gujarat, there are two distinct communities commonly known as Momin, the native Gujarati-speaking Garana Ansari, and the immigrant Ansari community, originally from North India. Momin of Maharashtra. In Jharkhand, they are mainly found in Koderma, Hazaribagh, Gumla, Ranchi, Lohardaga and Singhbhum districts. This shows the limits of such caste-based organizations. As a result, the ruling coalition does not count a single Muslim MLA in its ranks. Textile working was the traditional occupation of the Ansari, and at present those in Ahmadabad still engage in this activity. The AMP argues for self-representation in proportion to their population share, as indicated by the slogans “ apni qayadat, apni siyasat” (our leadership, our politics), “ jiski jitni abadi, utni hissedari ” (participation proportional to our population). The party successfully placed Muslim MLAs in five seats where previously a non-Muslim was the incumbent (three from the JDU, one BJP and one independent), and won one constituency from a JDU Muslim MLA. This shows that in most of Bihar, where on average Muslims make up about 17% of the population, candidates are unlikely to be elected with a rhetoric of ‘Muslim politics’, because they need to appeal to non-Muslim voters as well. Like other Ansaris, they were historically into the textile work, although most of them are medium- and small-scale farmers. If the 2020 Bihar election did about bring some changes to minority politics, other long-standing trends are still at work in the shaping of state-level politics. The level of literacy is steadily increasing, and many Ansari are now graduates. This leads to two distinct political dynamics. In spite of the AIMIM’s past and the occasional radical actions of some of its members (Akbaruddin Owaisi’s Karimnagar speech of 2013 or the agitation against Taslima Nasreen in 2007), the party’s popularity and electoral successes in recent years do not rest on a radical discourse but operate within the framework of electoral democracy. This idea blames Owaisi for participating in Hindu-Muslim polarization on an equal footing with the BJP, supposedly contributing to bolstering politicians with majoritarian claims and side-lining the potential weight of Muslim voters. [1] There are many people outside South Asia with the surname Ansari; however, this article is strictly about a Muslim South Asian community. The former MP said that the Congress scion had kept mostly MBA graduates to work in his office and act as his advisors, who have failed to give proper advice to him. Abdul Qaiyum Ansari (1 July 1905 – 18 January 1973) was a participant in the freedom struggle of India. The Ansari are strictly endogamous and practice both parallel and cross cousin marriages. The population of the Bihar … It is also the World’s third most populous sub-national entity. The JDU’s Muslim candidates, whether in Seemanchal (Araria, Thakurganj, Kochadhaman, and Amour) or elsewhere (such as Sikta, Dharbhanga rural, and Marhaura, or Mahua), all came second or third. (Shaikh alım ud-din Ansari),known as Nawab Wazir Khan was the governed of Lahore at the time of Mughal emperor Shah jahan. The India Forum welcomes your comments on this article for the Forum/Letters section. population of the state increased by 9.74% in the following decades of 1931-41 and 1941-51 also population increased by only 12.22% and 10.58% respectively. According to the reports, Ansari, a former MP and a prominent Muslim leader in Jharkhand, had questioned about the manner in which Rahul Gandhi did campaigning in Bihar during the assembly elections. Yet, its candidates were often directly pitted against the BJP rather than the smaller parties, in part explaining its low strike rate. The AMP argues for self-representation in proportion to their population share, as indicated by the slogans “apni qayadat, apni siyasat” (our leadership, our politics), “jiski jitni abadi, utni hissedari” (participation proportional to our population). B. V. Bhanu, B. R. Bhatnagar, D. K. Bose, V. S. Kulkarni and J. Sreenath (editors), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Momin_Ansari&oldid=990343528, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 November 2020, at 02:23. Quite a few are now involved in tailoring and the manufacture of bidis, a local cigarette. Bihar Updated: July 29, 2016 3:42 pm IST Patna: Justice Iqbal Ahmed Ansari was today sworn in as the Chief Justice of Patna High Court by Bihar Governor Ramnath Kovind at … The Ansari-Momin of India, numbering 290,000, are Engaged yet Unreached. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback … Their traditional occupation was textile work, and many Momin have set up handlooms. Many Momin are employed by other Momin in these powerlooms; this is especially the case in the towns of Bhiwandi, Malegaon and Nagpur. The various statistics regarding Bihar's population are as follows: Population of the city is 82.88 million Muslim identity politics: How does Pasmanda mobilization translate in electoral terms? Not only is there a continued over-representation of Ashraf among Muslim candidates and elected MLAs (16 Ashraf against 3 Pasmanda this year), there are also very few biradaris represented of the total number of caste groups. In North India, the community are known as Ansari or sheikh, while in Maharashtra the community are known as Momin or saudagar. Bihar Assembly election 2020 was the first post Covid-19 ... Out of 123 million population around 80 million are youth population. They are part of the South Asia Muslim - Ansari people cluster within the South Asian Peoples affinity bloc. In Baroda, they were invited by the ruling dynasty to help in the construction of public buildings from Rajasthan. They are dependent on the support of larger political organizations to enter the electoral contest, but are often too weak to weigh in on major parties’ arbitrations. The Momin are largely an urban community, with only small number found as agriculturists. They are split into two groupings, the giyara gaonwala and the bais goanwala. The AMP’s message is clear and simple: Ansaris represent 11% of Bihar’s population but there is neither an MLA nor an MP from the community. Like other Ansari communities, the Momin are members of the All-India Momin Conference, one of the oldest Muslim organizations in India. Caste system in Bihar. In that city, the Ansari are said to make up a third of the city's population. He is best known, today, for founding Wazirabad, a city near river Chenab in Punjab and building the famous Wazir Khan Mosque in Lahore. The Momin of Maharashtra are also known as Ansari or saudagar Bihar stands out as a bastion of caste-based mobilization by marginalized Muslim groups. The AIMIM’s entrance into Bihar politics may be an important step in the party’s expansion beyond its stronghold of Hyderabad. Google Map of Bihar. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. The Ansari are Sunni, and have provided many of the Ulema in Rajasthan.[5]:459–462. Besides, couldn’t this polarization be the result of the long-term political work of other parties and candidates, whether in the NDA or the MGB? They have always been connected with the textile work. The party is contesting on 70 seats. Their relationship with the Sadh community is of some importance, as they supply the Momins with the cotton cloth used for printing.[2]:985. The title of 'Wazir Khan' by which he is remembered by posterity was granted him by Shah Jahan, and literally means a 'Wazir', or Vizier, a 'Minister/High Court Official'. The AMP’s message is clear and simple: Ansaris represent 11% of Bihar’s population but there is neither an MLA nor an MP from the community. The Momin were historically a community of weavers, found mainly in the towns and cities of western Maharashtra. The Ansaris do not have any traditional social councils, but have an India-wide community organization, the All India Momin Conference. The Momin Ansari lost their distinct group identity as they assimilated and are now an integral part of the Urdu-speaking Muhajir community of Pakistan. They are active in politics. Voting for the first phase of the assembly election in Bihar took place on October 28 with a voting population of nearly 11.5 million in 71 constituencies across 16 districts. Seats where Muslim JDU candidates had won in 2015 thanks to the RJD-JDU alliance now went to the MGB candidates (Sheohar, Sikta, Thakurganj) or the AIMIM (Jokihat, Kochadhaman). Finally, the AIMIM’s fifth MLA, in Baisi, is a Sayyid — the highest social group among Muslims that claims descent from Prophet Muhammad — whose family has long been integrated with the Surjapuri environment. When looking at Muslim political participation in Bihar, one of the interesting characteristics of the state is that it includes both Muslim minority and majority (or near-majority) areas. The Seeemanchal region of Bihar, which comprises Purnia, Katihar, Kishanganj and Araria districts, accounting for 24 assembly seats, holds the key to power, say Bihar watchers. Now, the number of nagar nigams is set to be 17, with 74 nagar parishads and 191 nagar panchayats. Many Ahmadabad Ansari are now power loom owners. The party’s anti-BJP rhetoric that invoked the charged atmosphere of the anti-Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA) protests fostered wide popularity among Muslim youth. In spite of this poor performance, one might argue that being able to enter an alliance with a well-known personality, field several candidates from the community, and gain the following of several thousand people, was quite a step for a new initiative. They are strictly endogamous, and tend to marry close kin. Muslim politics and the 2020 Bihar Election, subtle balance between local dominant communities, Muslim (majority) politics: The AIMIM’s foray in Seemanchal. In actual numbers, males and females were 48,073,850 and 44,267,586 respectively. Bihari Muslims are people originating and tracing descent from the Indian state of Bihar who practice the religion of Islam.. Love Taboos: Controlling Hindu-Muslim Romances. Mahmood Ansari Page | 1 Migration from the Rural Region moments of slowly developing streams as well as periods of time characterized by the almost sudden, fast and large volume of streams of migration of the working population from Bihar to the neighboring eastern … As per the estimates of the 2011 census, out of a total of 392181 population, 33.34% is rural and 66.66% is urban population. Yet, even if a consolidation of the Hindu vote could be ascertained, the causality with the AIMIM’s politics remains unclear, as the BJP has gained new seats in area with little Muslim population as well. Copyright © 2021 The India Forum. CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF BIHAR Entry No Caste/ Community Resolution No. While both claimed to represent the Pasmanda — marginalized caste-groups within Muslims — this bifurcation indicates an internal power imbalance: between the numerically larger and politically active Ansaris and the multiple other smaller biradaris (caste groups) who have been side-lined within Pasmanda movements. The main organizer of the AIMIM in Bihar, Akhtarul Iman — who won in Amour with a margin of 52,000 votes — had been a Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) MLA between 2005 and 2014. Muslim minority politics: What worked for other winning Muslim candidates? The AMP launched a ground-level campaign to build a base in central and western Bihar which led to a large gathering in Patna in December 2019, attended by about 3,000-4,000 people and by prominent figures of Pasmanda politics, such as Ali Anwar and Dr. Ayyub, the head of the Peace Party. This shows that there is more to Muslim political participation in Bihar than the AIMIM’s breakthrough. Lal, P.B.S.V. The Congress still seeks to co-opt Muslim elites. Many members of the community have entered private or government service. Bihar Rural Population 2011:-Of the total population of Bihar state, around 88.71 percent live in the villages of rural areas. The literal meaning of Ansar is "supporter". Muslim voters identified the JDU not so much as a Bihar-based party that is able to deliver on governance, but as an alliance breaker and an ally of the BJP…. Asfi also happened to unseat his own son-in-law, four-time Congress MLA Tausif Alam. In none of the constituencies where the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won and the MGB came in second place did the AIMIM obtain a vote share greater than the winning party’s margin. And in Kochadhaman, the winner, Muhammad Izhar Asfi, had been a panchayat mukhiya (head) and an old associate of Akhtarul Iman. The anti-NDA stance of Muslim voters also shows in the fact that the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP), which tried to project itself as an ally of the BJP and an opponent of the JDU, could not get any of its seven Muslim candidates elected. Bihar has the worst doctor-population ratio in the country, with only one doctor serving 28,391 people, and anxieties around the virus played a big part in the debate. Initially claiming to be entirely non-partisan and working exclusively as a lobby for the presence of Ansaris and Pasmanda Muslims, the AMP took a political stand when it opposed the CAA-NRC and joined the Bihar Bandh on 15 December 2019. The winner in Bahadurganj, Anzar Naeemi, had been candidate on a RJD ticket in 2010 and joined the AIMIM only in August 2020. The Ansari are an Urdu-speaking community, although the Ansari clan of Gujarat have Gujarati as their mother tongue. 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